In simple terms, the motor generates the mechanical power that allows the elevator car to move up and down. However, several key components and mechanisms work together in this process. Elevators are one of the most important vehicles that make our lives easier. It is a very unhealthy and difficult process to carry loads to high-rise buildings via stairs. It is precisely to facilitate these difficult processes that we need an elevator. We should not overlook that the heart of an elevator is the elevator engine. It is the basic part of the elevator system. The elevator motor can also consist of many components.

Elevator Engine Maintenance

They are engines that should be maintained and regularly checked. They should not be neglected as they are machines that carry people and loads. Regular maintenance extends the life of the engine and increases its performance. Possible accidents and dangers can be prevented. Maintenance offers economical solutions with small adjustments instead of major breakdowns and replacement costs.

What is the Lifespan of an Elevator Engine?

The lifetime of the elevator engine varies according to its types. At the same time, the maintenance scheme also affects the lifespan. A healthy and routinely maintained elevator motor can fulfill its duty for 15 – 20 years.

How Does an Elevator Engine Work?

•     Motion Initiation with Electric Power: The elevator motor is powered by electrical energy. The electric current activates the electromagnetic field inside the motor, creating a rotary motion. This rotary motion moves the ropes or chains that carry the elevator car.
•         Drive System: The engine usually works through a drive machine (engine and transmission system). The drive machine controls the steel ropes that carry the cabin up and down. These ropes pass over a pulley or pulley system.
•         Use of Counterweight: In elevators, a counterweight is often used to save energy and provide stability. The counterweight moves in the opposite direction to the cabin, reducing the load on the motor and stabilizing the movement of the cabin.
•         Braking System: The engine not only provides movement, but also controls the braking process. Electronic or mechanical brakes ensure that the cab stops precisely and locks securely when necessary.
•         Speed Control: Modern elevator motors are equipped with a frequency inverter or control system to provide speed control. This system regulates the rotational speed of the motor, allowing the car to accelerate and decelerate safely.

What are the Components of an Elevator Motor?

The smooth operation of this system depends on the motor and its supporting components working in harmony. Here are the basic components of the elevator motor:

•         Motor (Main Power Source): Generates the mechanical power required to move the elevator. The motor converts electrical energy into rotational motion.
•         Drive Pulley: Connected to the drive motor, the sheave directs the movement of the steel ropes. The ropes pass over this pulley, allowing the cabin and counterweight to move up and down.
•         Steel Strong Ropes: Strong steel ropes, which provide the connection between the car and the counterweight, undertake the load carrying task of the elevator system. The ropes carry the elevator cabin with the rotational motion provided by the motor.
•         Gearbox: A component that transfers engine power to the drive pulley. It can be geared or gearless type:
•         Gear Transmission: Suitable for heavier loads.
•         Gearless Transmission: Ideal for quiet and low maintenance systems.
•         Brake System: Provides a safe stop of the elevator. The brake system, which works integrated with the motor, prevents possible accidents by stabilizing the cabin in emergency situations.

• Electronic Control Unit: It is an electronic system that regulates the speed, direction and power of the motor. In modern elevators, frequency inverters or VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) are used for speed control.